What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment.
Why is homeostasis important?
It ensures efficient cellular function and supports healthy growth.
How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?
They regulate water, salt, and pH balance in the blood.
What hormone is involved in water regulation by the kidneys?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
How do the kidneys maintain acid-base balance?
They excrete acids or bases as needed to maintain pH balance.
What is nephritis?
Inflammation of blood vessels in the nephron, often caused by bacteria.
What is the function of dialysis?
To remove waste from the blood when the kidneys fail.
What is the main function of the liver in glucose regulation?
The liver converts excess glucose into glycogen and vice versa to maintain stable blood sugar levels.
What is bile, and what is its function?
Bile is a fluid produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats.
What is cirrhosis?
Replacement of liver cells with fibrous tissue, often caused by alcohol abuse or hepatitis.
What are the two main layers of the skin?
The epidermis and the dermis.
What is the function of the epidermis?
The epidermis provides a waterproof barrier and protects the body from pathogens.
What happens to blood vessels in the skin when the body is hot?
They dilate (vasodilation) to release heat.
What happens to blood vessels in the skin when the body is cold?
They constrict (vasoconstriction) to retain heat.
How does sweating help regulate body temperature?
The evaporation of sweat cools the body.
What role do hairs on the skin play in temperature regulation?
Hairs stand up when cold to trap air (insulation) and lie flat when hot to reduce insulation.
What is shivering, and how does it help regulate temperature?
Shivering generates heat through muscle activity.
What is jaundice, and what causes it?
Yellowing of the skin due to excess bilirubin, caused by liver damage or bile duct blockage.
How does the skin produce vitamin D?
The skin synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
What is the function of sebaceous glands in the skin?
They produce sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in temperature regulation?
The hypothalamus detects changes in body temperature and triggers appropriate responses.
What are the key complications of kidney disease?
High blood pressure, swelling (dropsy), and inability to excrete waste properly.
What are the functions of sweat glands?
They excrete sweat to help cool the body and eliminate waste.
What role does the liver play in detoxification?
The liver neutralizes harmful substances and converts them into excretable forms.
What are the effects of liver disease?
Jaundice, general weakness, high blood pressure, and fever.
How do kidney stones affect homeostasis?
They block urine flow and cause pain, disrupting waste removal and balance.
What is the main component of bile?
Bilirubin and bile salts.
What is the role of melanin in the skin?
Melanin provides skin color and protects against UV radiation.
What is diuresis?
Excessive production of dilute urine, often due to diabetes insipidus.
What are the consequences of vasodilation?
It releases heat, helping the body cool down.
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